I created this How to for people who want to share files with friends using FTP protocol, like FTPservU under windows. The way i give you is not the only one, I hope my How to is enough clear.
This FTP server will allow only users with the good password (persons to whom you gave the password and username). So you will be sure that only known persons will access your FTP server.
A- The GUI way (for beginners only)
For those who are new to linux and don't want to use a FTP server without GUI, or just for those who don't use often their FTP server and wish to set it quickly without a high level of security, there is a GTK GUI for proftpd.
Be careful, it's less secure than configuring yourself your server.
1- Install proftpd and gproftpd with synaptic or with this command :2-Play with the GUI and set up quickly your server.
Beware no support is offered here for this tool but it shouldn't be too hard to use.
B- The secure way
1- Install proftpd with synaptic or with this command :2- Add this line in /etc/shells file (sudo gedit /etc/shells to open the file) :Create a /home/FTP-shared directory :Create a user named userftp which will be used only for ftp access. This user don't need a valid shell (more secure) therefore select /bin/false shell for userftp and /home/FTP-shared as home directory (property button in user and group window).
To make this section clearer, i give you the equivalent command line to create the user, but it would be better to use the GUI (System > Administration > User & Group) to create the user since users here often got problems with the user creation and the password (530 error) with the command line, so i really advice to use the GUI :In FTP-shared directory create a download and an upload directory :Now we have to set the good permissions for these directories :3- OK, now go to the proftpd configuration file :or for edgy eft (ubuntu 6.10) :and edit your proftpd.conf file like that if it fit to your need :
Ok you have done proftpd configuration. Your server is on port 1980 (in this exemple) and the access parameters are
user : sauron
password : the one you've set for userftp
4- To start/stop/restart your server :To perform a syntax check of your proftpd.conf file :To know who is connected on your server in realtime use "ftptop" command (use "t" caracter to swich to rate display), you can also use the "ftpwho" command.
other informations here
C- Advanced tricks
1- Enable TLS/SSL encryption (FTPS)
** Inportant note : proftpd versions before 1.3.2-rc2 may not work with latest filezilla versions using TLS encryption. See raymond.szebin's post for details.
The FTP file sharing protocol is an old protocol which was created when internet was still a secure place, therefore the default FTP protocol is not that secure.
For example the password and username for login are transmitted in plain text which obviously isn't secure.
That why, to fit the needs of our generation, encryption solutions were developed and one of them is TLS/SSH encryption.
This will encrypt the username and password and all the data you send, obviously to use it the FTP client must support SFTP protocol.
here are the steps to enable TLS/SSH encryption (FTPS):
Paste these commands in a terminal :Then add this section to yout proftpd.conf file :If you use edgy or proftpd 1.3 in general add this line at the beginning of your proftpd.conf file, it will load all the extra modules like mod_tls.c :
Note - Use TLSRequired ON to force the use of TLS. OFF means that the use of TLS is optional.
Optional step:
You will notice that you will be asked for the password you set for the server.key file each time you start/stop/restart the server, it is because the RSA private key is encrypted in the server.key file.
The solution is to remove the encryption of the RSA private key but it makes the key readable in the server.key file which is obviously less secure, anyway if you do that make sure that the server.key is readable only by root.
Once you know that it's less secure here are the command lines to remove the encryption of the RSA private key :Here are some links to read in case of problems or just to get more informations :
http://www.modssl.org/docs/2.7/ssl_faq.html#cert-ownca
http://www.castaglia.org/proftpd/doc...HOWTO-TLS.html
To use your TLS encrypted FTP server you will need a FTP client which support it like the latest versions of filezilla (the one present in the feisty repository has the TLS support).
In filezilla the option to use is called FTPES.
Thanks to nix4me for the help he provided and for the instructions.
2- Restrict access for some users
Some of you wish, for different reasons, to create more than one user and give a different access depending on the user.
For example if i create 2 users, one called user1 and the second called user2 and then want to deny access to the download directory for user2, You can do it as following :
First create the 2 users like userftp in the guide and give them alias names if you use aliases. Then allow your 2 users in the general LIMIT LOGIN section :Once done here is how to modify the directory sections to chose who is able to use which directory :Note - user2 will see the download directory but will not be able to enter the directory.
That's all
Misc
Best Common Practices - Everyone should read this
http://www.castaglia.org/proftpd/doc...HOWTO-BCP.html
ProftpTools 1.0.1
ProftpTools is a script I wrote thanks to swoop's feedback. This script allow you to start/stop proftpd, mount/unmount auto/manually directories, show your IP, ... and all of that with a GUI in order to use proftpd in a really easy way !
To install ProftpTools, download ProftpTools-v1.0.2.tar.gz (at the bottom of the page) and untar it where you want and then move the ProftpTools file in /usr/bin :Then add these lines in your .bashrc (it's in your home directory : gedit /home/username/.bashrc) file in order to specify what is the ProftpTools directory path, YOU MUST REMOVE THE "/" CHARACTER at the end of the path. I give you an exemple if your ProftpTools directory is in your home directory :Now all you have to do is to type ProftpTools in a terminal and .... enjoy ![Smile](http://1.1.1.5/bmi/ubuntuforums.org/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif)
You need zenity installed to use this script.
Don't hesitate to post in this thread or send me PM to report bugs, ask new features, correct my english, suggest improvement
and thank you to give me feedback about this tool.
useful trick :
This trick is integrated in ProftpTools.
If you don't want (like me
) to use space in your /home directory, and use space on another hard drive, or if you just want to share a directory from another partition ... you can mount the directory you want in your download or upload directory without changing anything in proftpd.conf file, use these commands :This command will not overwrite the directory, the idea is just to mount a directory in another one without overwritng anything, so when someone will log in your server he will see and use the mounted directory if you have mounted one. To unmout a directory (download directory for exemple):Permanent mount :
If you don't want to re-mount your directories after a reboot you can add a line in fstab file like that (sudo gedit /etc/fstab to open the file) :thanks reet ![Wink](http://1.1.1.3/bmi/ubuntuforums.org/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif)
If you want to create other directories in FTP-shared, think to add it in proftpd.conf file.
Don't hesitate to test yourself your server using gFTP for exemple, it's really helpful to debug your server.
Other stuff/Troubleshooting/FAQ
If you have a router you should read that, it describe the 2 commands to add in proftpd.conf and why.
If you have a dynamic DNS have a look here, you can also use ddclient(maybe easier for newbies).
If you have Unbindable port 21 issue please refer to this post from mustacheride.
Most of informations you're looking for are here
To get more debug informations : http://www.proftpd.org/localsite/Use...ked/x1058.html
You can specify a specific passive port range using PassivePorts command, it's very useful when you use a firewall in order to know which ports to allow.
For those who have a firewall/router i advice to read this excelent post from mssm
Thanks for feedback, and sorry if my english is sometimes really bad![Rolling Eyes](http://1.1.1.5/bmi/ubuntuforums.org/images/smilies/icon_rolleyes.gif)
Don't hesitate to post questions about proftpd in this thread.
This FTP server will allow only users with the good password (persons to whom you gave the password and username). So you will be sure that only known persons will access your FTP server.
A- The GUI way (for beginners only)
For those who are new to linux and don't want to use a FTP server without GUI, or just for those who don't use often their FTP server and wish to set it quickly without a high level of security, there is a GTK GUI for proftpd.
Be careful, it's less secure than configuring yourself your server.
1- Install proftpd and gproftpd with synaptic or with this command :
Code:
sudo apt-get install proftpd gproftpd
Beware no support is offered here for this tool but it shouldn't be too hard to use.
B- The secure way
1- Install proftpd with synaptic or with this command :
Code:
sudo apt-get install proftpd
Code:
/bin/false
Code:
cd /home sudo mkdir FTP-shared
To make this section clearer, i give you the equivalent command line to create the user, but it would be better to use the GUI (System > Administration > User & Group) to create the user since users here often got problems with the user creation and the password (530 error) with the command line, so i really advice to use the GUI :
Code:
sudo useradd userftp -p your_password -d /home/FTP-shared -s /bin/false sudo passwd userftp
Code:
cd /home/FTP-shared/ sudo mkdir download sudo mkdir upload
Code:
cd /home sudo chmod 755 FTP-shared cd FTP-shared sudo chmod 755 download sudo chmod 777 upload
Code:
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd.conf
Code:
sudo gedit /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
Code:
# To really apply changes reload proftpd after modifications. AllowOverwrite on AuthAliasOnly on # Choose here the user alias you want !!!! UserAlias sauron userftp ServerName "ChezFrodon" ServerType standalone DeferWelcome on MultilineRFC2228 on DefaultServer on ShowSymlinks off TimeoutNoTransfer 600 TimeoutStalled 100 TimeoutIdle 2200 DisplayChdir .message ListOptions "-l" RequireValidShell off TimeoutLogin 20 RootLogin off # It's better for debug to create log files ;-) ExtendedLog /var/log/ftp.log TransferLog /var/log/xferlog SystemLog /var/log/syslog.log #DenyFilter \*.*/ # I don't choose to use /etc/ftpusers file (set inside the users you want to ban, not useful for me) UseFtpUsers off # Allow to restart a download AllowStoreRestart on # Port 21 is the standard FTP port, so you may prefer to use another port for security reasons (choose here the port you want) Port 1980 # To prevent DoS attacks, set the maximum number of child processes # to 30. If you need to allow more than 30 concurrent connections # at once, simply increase this value. Note that this ONLY works # in standalone mode, in inetd mode you should use an inetd server # that allows you to limit maximum number of processes per service # (such as xinetd) MaxInstances 8 # Set the user and group that the server normally runs at. User nobody Group nogroup # Umask 022 is a good standard umask to prevent new files and dirs # (second parm) from being group and world writable. Umask 022 022 PersistentPasswd off MaxClients 8 MaxClientsPerHost 8 MaxClientsPerUser 8 MaxHostsPerUser 8 # Display a message after a successful login AccessGrantMsg "welcome !!!" # This message is displayed for each access good or not ServerIdent on "you're at home" # Lock all the users in home directory, ***** really important ***** DefaultRoot ~ MaxLoginAttempts 5 #VALID LOGINSAllowUser userftp DenyALL Umask 022 022 AllowOverwrite off DenyAll Umask 022 022 AllowOverwrite off DenyAll Umask 022 022 AllowOverwrite on DenyAll AllowAll
user : sauron
password : the one you've set for userftp
4- To start/stop/restart your server :
Code:
sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd start sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd stop sudo /etc/init.d/proftpd restart
Code:
sudo proftpd -td5
other informations here
C- Advanced tricks
1- Enable TLS/SSL encryption (FTPS)
** Inportant note : proftpd versions before 1.3.2-rc2 may not work with latest filezilla versions using TLS encryption. See raymond.szebin's post for details.
The FTP file sharing protocol is an old protocol which was created when internet was still a secure place, therefore the default FTP protocol is not that secure.
For example the password and username for login are transmitted in plain text which obviously isn't secure.
That why, to fit the needs of our generation, encryption solutions were developed and one of them is TLS/SSH encryption.
This will encrypt the username and password and all the data you send, obviously to use it the FTP client must support SFTP protocol.
here are the steps to enable TLS/SSH encryption (FTPS):
Paste these commands in a terminal :
Code:
sudo apt-get install build-essential sudo apt-get install libssl-dev cd /etc sudo mkdir ftpcert cd ftpcert/ sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024 sudo openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr sudo openssl genrsa -des3 -out ca.key 1024 sudo openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -key ca.key -out ca.crt ** download the sign.sh file (at the bottom of the post) and put it in ftpcert directory ** sudo chmod +x sign.sh sudo ./sign.sh server.csr
Code:
TLSEngine on TLSLog /var/ftpd/tls.log TLSProtocol TLSv1 # Are clients required to use FTP over TLS when talking to this server? TLSRequired off # Server's certificate TLSRSACertificateFile /etc/ftpcert/server.crt TLSRSACertificateKeyFile /etc/ftpcert/server.key # CA the server trusts TLSCACertificateFile /etc/ftpcert/ca.crt # Authenticate clients that want to use FTP over TLS? TLSVerifyClient off
Code:
Include /etc/proftpd/modules.conf
Optional step:
You will notice that you will be asked for the password you set for the server.key file each time you start/stop/restart the server, it is because the RSA private key is encrypted in the server.key file.
The solution is to remove the encryption of the RSA private key but it makes the key readable in the server.key file which is obviously less secure, anyway if you do that make sure that the server.key is readable only by root.
Once you know that it's less secure here are the command lines to remove the encryption of the RSA private key :
Code:
cd /etc/ftpcert cp server.key server.key.org openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
http://www.modssl.org/docs/2.7/ssl_faq.html#cert-ownca
http://www.castaglia.org/proftpd/doc...HOWTO-TLS.html
To use your TLS encrypted FTP server you will need a FTP client which support it like the latest versions of filezilla (the one present in the feisty repository has the TLS support).
In filezilla the option to use is called FTPES.
Thanks to nix4me for the help he provided and for the instructions.
2- Restrict access for some users
Some of you wish, for different reasons, to create more than one user and give a different access depending on the user.
For example if i create 2 users, one called user1 and the second called user2 and then want to deny access to the download directory for user2, You can do it as following :
First create the 2 users like userftp in the guide and give them alias names if you use aliases. Then allow your 2 users in the general LIMIT LOGIN section :
Code:
#VALID LOGINSAllowUser user1 AllowUser user2 DenyALL
Code:
Umask 022 022 AllowOverwrite off Order Allow,Deny AllowUser user1 Deny ALL DenyAll /home/FTP-shared/upload/> Umask 022 022 AllowOverwrite on Order Allow,Deny AllowUser user1 AllowUser user2 Deny ALL DenyAll AllowAll
That's all
Misc
Best Common Practices - Everyone should read this
http://www.castaglia.org/proftpd/doc...HOWTO-BCP.html
ProftpTools 1.0.1
ProftpTools is a script I wrote thanks to swoop's feedback. This script allow you to start/stop proftpd, mount/unmount auto/manually directories, show your IP, ... and all of that with a GUI in order to use proftpd in a really easy way !
To install ProftpTools, download ProftpTools-v1.0.2.tar.gz (at the bottom of the page) and untar it where you want and then move the ProftpTools file in /usr/bin :
Code:
tar -xzvf ProftpTools-v1.0.2.tar.gz cd ProftpTools-v1.0.2/ sudo mv ProftpTools /usr/bin/
Code:
ProftpTools_dir=/home/username/ProftpTools-v1.0.2 export ProftpTools_dir
![Smile](http://1.1.1.5/bmi/ubuntuforums.org/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif)
You need zenity installed to use this script.
Don't hesitate to post in this thread or send me PM to report bugs, ask new features, correct my english, suggest improvement
![Wink](http://1.1.1.3/bmi/ubuntuforums.org/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif)
useful trick :
This trick is integrated in ProftpTools.
If you don't want (like me
![Wink](http://1.1.1.3/bmi/ubuntuforums.org/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif)
Code:
sudo mount -o bind the_directory_you_want_to_share /home/FTP-shared/download or sudo mount -o bind the_directory_you_want_to_use_for_upload /home/FTP-shared/upload
Code:
sudo umount /home/FTP-shared/download
If you don't want to re-mount your directories after a reboot you can add a line in fstab file like that (sudo gedit /etc/fstab to open the file) :
Code:
the_directory_to_mount /home/FTP-shared/download vfat bind 0 0
![Wink](http://1.1.1.3/bmi/ubuntuforums.org/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif)
If you want to create other directories in FTP-shared, think to add it in proftpd.conf file.
Don't hesitate to test yourself your server using gFTP for exemple, it's really helpful to debug your server.
Other stuff/Troubleshooting/FAQ
If you have a router you should read that, it describe the 2 commands to add in proftpd.conf and why.
If you have a dynamic DNS have a look here, you can also use ddclient(maybe easier for newbies).
If you have Unbindable port 21 issue please refer to this post from mustacheride.
Most of informations you're looking for are here
To get more debug informations : http://www.proftpd.org/localsite/Use...ked/x1058.html
You can specify a specific passive port range using PassivePorts command, it's very useful when you use a firewall in order to know which ports to allow.
For those who have a firewall/router i advice to read this excelent post from mssm
Thanks for feedback, and sorry if my english is sometimes really bad
![Rolling Eyes](http://1.1.1.5/bmi/ubuntuforums.org/images/smilies/icon_rolleyes.gif)
Don't hesitate to post questions about proftpd in this thread.
great work
ReplyDeleteHeya excellent blog! Does running a blog like this take
ReplyDeletea large amount of work? I've virtually no understanding of programming however I had been hoping to start my own blog in the near future. Anyways, should you have any ideas or techniques for new blog owners please share. I know this is off subject nevertheless I simply wanted to ask. Appreciate it!
My blog post ; how to play piano
I've been browsing online greater than 3 hours as of late, but I never discovered any interesting article like yours. It's lovely price sufficient for me.
ReplyDeleteIn my view, if all web owners and bloggers made excellent content
material as you probably did, the internet will likely be much more helpful than ever
before.
Review my blog : how to get rid of acne naturally at home
electronic cigarette, smokeless cigarette, best electronic cigarette, electronic cigarette starter kit, e cigarette reviews, electronic cigarette reviews
ReplyDelete